Welcome to 4.0 to pro, the pickleball podcast that focuses on a single shot, tip, or strategy to improve your pickleball game with every single pocket-sized episode. Our goal is to make you better every single time you hear our voices! We are covering in-depth pickleball tips and strategies like serving, returning, drives, 3rd-shot options, dinking, faster hands, and much more! Subscribe to become a better pickleball player! . For more tips, find us on Instagram at @4.0_to_Pro. If you have a ...
…
continue reading
1
93: DRIVES. A Critically Important Part of Pickleball in 2025
32:20
32:20
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
32:20
The pickleball drive has evolved in it's usage and practicality RADICALLY in the last few years. Let's learn how and when to use them, and how and when to do them. To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the pr…
…
continue reading
1
92: The DINK Myth Revisited
42:53
42:53
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
42:53
Today we revisit dinking...this unique trait to pickleball is one of the areas where we can get a key advantage if we know what we're doing. So let's shore up our dinking mechanics, strategy, and execution on this show! To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @b…
…
continue reading
The left foot should be a primary target for you, whether you are serving, your opponents in transition, or in a dinking rally. Today we chat about all things left foot on your favorite pod! To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN…
…
continue reading
1
90: Spouse Targeting, Teaching Kiddos, and People With Small...Appendages. Pickleball Q&A!
26:26
26:26
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
26:26
Enjoy today's Q&A episode, brought to you by...YOU. To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the promo code "402p" Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices…
…
continue reading
1
89: Revisiting The Red-Headed Stepchild of Pickleball: The 4th Shot
34:01
34:01
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
34:01
To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the promo code "402p" Whether you're an avid listener or a first-timer, this episode revisits past insights with a fresh perspective. As the game evolves rapidly, especia…
…
continue reading
1
88: Self-Evaluation - Recognizing And Fixing The Weaknesses In Your Pickleball Game!
33:03
33:03
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
33:03
To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the promo code "402p" Self-Evaluation and Improvement Strategies for Pickleball Players In this episode of '4.0 to Pro', Michael O'Neal and Mircea Morariu discuss the imp…
…
continue reading
1
87: This Skill Is The Most Underrated In Pickleball...But Maybe The Most Important!
24:18
24:18
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
24:18
To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the promo code "402p" So today discuss the importance of mindset on the pickleball court. We share personal anecdotes about handling bad calls and competitive pressures, …
…
continue reading
1
86: MASTER the 3rd Shot in Pickleball!
29:21
29:21
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
29:21
To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the promo code "402p" Today we revisit 3rd shots, which we covered ALL THE WAY in episode 2 of the podcast. The 3rd shot has evolved so quickly since then that we thought…
…
continue reading
1
85: How To Win A Pickleball National Championship, Starring Mircea Morariu
29:12
29:12
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
29:12
To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the promo code "402p" Guess what??? Our esteemed co-host, Mircea Morariu, just won the GOLD medal at the USA Pickleball National Championships. I thought we'd have a chat…
…
continue reading
1
84: YOUR Pickleball Questions ANSWERED.
32:35
32:35
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
32:35
To inquire about advertising on the podcast and/or live clinics and camps, reach us at http://picklehelp.com or @4.0_to_Pro and @brainsdoc. Get 10% off at CRBN Pickleball by using the promo code "402p" Today we have a great bunch of questions from you guys! To submit your questions, find us at picklehelp.com or 4.0_to_Pro on IG! Learn more about yo…
…
continue reading
1
83: Simplifying Pickleball
24:17
24:17
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
24:17
On this ep, Mircea and Michael break down the most common scenarios in pickleball, and what your goal should be in those scenarios. It's easy to make the game really complicated, but if you can achieve these goals as you play, you'll win more games. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices…
…
continue reading
1
01: How To Play Winning Pickleball Like A Pro
34:17
34:17
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
34:17
In this inaugural episode of 4.02P, Michael and Mircea cover the basics of overall good pickleball strategy, including return of serve, serving, 3rd shots, and getting to the NVZ (otherwise known as the kitchen!) Please subscribe on whatever podcast platform you prefer, submit any pickleball questions at http://picklehelp.com and follow us on http:…
…
continue reading
1
82: How To Play Winning Pickleball In 2024
34:17
34:17
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
34:17
New for '24! An updated version on best practices for winning pickleball! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesMichael O'Neal & Mircea Morariu
…
continue reading
1
81: The EASIEST Way To Tell When To Advance To The Kitchen!
28:35
28:35
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
28:35
Today we give you a simple tip to give you that "green light" as you're advancing through the transition zone to the NVZ, and take advantage of your great drop!! http://crbnpickleball.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesMichael O'Neal & Mircea Morariu
…
continue reading
1
80. "Everyone Has A Plan Until They Get Punched In The Face" ~ Mike Tyson
26:40
26:40
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
26:40
Today we talk about making a plan in pickleball and sticking to it. Mike shares a story about how a well-executed plan was able to win them a game against much better opponents. We also chat about making a simple plan, and what the various stages of mastery are. Use The Promo Code "Free402p" at checkout at hellofresh.com Get 10% off CRBN Paddles by…
…
continue reading
1
79: The RIDDLE in the MIDDLE
30:18
30:18
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
30:18
Today we discuss the significance of middle court strategies in pickleball. We once again emphasize the need for communication and chemistry among players of all levels, particularly concerning who covers the middle court. They highlight scenarios where middle play is crucial, sharing insights from personal experiences and competitive play. The con…
…
continue reading
1
78: Jilly B's 6 Questions To Bring Up Before Every Match With Your Pickleball Partner (Plus a Bonus!)
28:21
28:21
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
28:21
http://makeemhit.com for softgoods and swag! In this episode of 4.0 to Pro, hosts Michael O'Neal and Mircea Morariu discuss the importance of in-game communication between partners in pickleball. They delve into strategies such as team chemistry, the significance of communication, coordinating attacks, and the benefits of understanding your partner…
…
continue reading
1
77: Pro Secrets: The POWER of Observation - How This Could Be The MOST Important Pickleball Skillset!
31:50
31:50
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
31:50
In this episode of 4.0 to Pro, hosts Michael O'Neal and Mircea Morariu dive into the importance of observation and what to look for in pickleball. Broadcasting from sunny Long Beach, California, Michael chats with Mircea, They discuss the critical role of 'eyes' in the game, offering insightful tips on how players can improve their anticipation and…
…
continue reading
1
76: Where To Find Good Pickleball, Where to Focus Your Eyes On Court, How To Play Against Tall People, and More!
29:43
29:43
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
29:43
Today Mircea Morariu and Michael O'Neal tackle YOUR pickleball questions! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesMichael O'Neal & Mircea Morariu
…
continue reading
1
75: Pro Level Dinking - Strategy, Pattern Recognition, and Commanding The Pickleball Point
27:30
27:30
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
27:30
Today wedelve into advanced dinking strategies to elevate your pickleball game. First we talk about recognizing and exploiting patterns on the court. What it means to be up, down, and neutral within a point, the significance of dinking technique, and effective drilling methods for skill improvement. Listeners are offered tactical advice on maintain…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 12) Pro Level Pickleball Tournament Prep And The Secret Of How To Work With A Partner and WIN
33:08
33:08
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
33:08
Scott has just taken Bronze in Split Age at the Minto US Open of Pickleball in Naples Fl. While he's down there, we thought it would be a great time to tackle how to prepare for tournaments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesMichael O'Neal & Mircea Morariu
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 11) How to PLAY BETTER PICKLEBALL and NOT Get Hurt!!
23:39
23:39
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
23:39
How are your warmups? Are you warming up your body, as well as your shots? The pros do. You should be. Here's an insider guide to warming your body up, and what shots to warm up with to dominate those peons you call your friends. Here's the beginner jump rope workout mentioned in the show: https://youtu.be/1BZM2Vre5oc CRBN Pickleball Makers of the …
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 10) BACKHANDS! How and When to Hit A Good Backhand, and How To Learn The 2-Hander!
34:13
34:13
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
34:13
Today we are chatting backhands! The "tooey" has been my preferred shot these days, but many pickleballers don't know a thing about a backhand. This show will demystify! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesMichael O'Neal & Mircea Morariu
…
continue reading
1
74: Strategic Advancement to the Non Volley Zone (Kitchen) in Pickleball
34:00
34:00
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
34:00
In this episode of 4.0 to Pro, hosts Michael O'Neal and Mircea Morariu discuss essential strategies to enhance your game. They cover topics such as communication with your doubles partner, targeting specific areas of the court, and adjusting mid-game based on your opponents' strengths and weaknesses. Key insights include the importance of constantl…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 09) Adding DRIVES to Your Pickleball Arsenal; How, Where, and When to Employ Ground Strokes in Pickleball
24:49
24:49
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
24:49
(Replay Episode 9) Today we can't drive 55! Sammy Hagar references aside, we are talking ground strokes / drives in pickleball, and when, where, and how we should be hitting them. Do we go for the "hero shot", or stick with the conservative "60% drive"? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices…
…
continue reading
1
73: The Cradle Drop - One of The Most Important Shots In Pickleball
23:13
23:13
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
23:13
Today we discuss "The Cradle Drop", which is a shot every pickleball player should have in their consistent arsenal. We walk through the mechanics of the shot, as well as a couple ways to drill it. It's called the "Cradle Drop" because you cradle your off hand on the paddle as you are rotating to hit the shot. This is a controlled backhand with und…
…
continue reading
1
72: Trying Crazy New Things On The Pickleball Court (and Listener Q&A)
38:16
38:16
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
38:16
Hey everyone! In this episode of 402p, we dive into a bit of a grab bag with my co-host, Scott Fliegelman. We kick things off with some fun banter and listener engagement, share some exciting personal stories, and then jump into a detailed discussion about evolving pickleball strategies (I talk about a crazy backhand "shield" shot I saw on court ) …
…
continue reading
1
71: Making The Jump from 3.5-4.0 (But Lots of Useful Tips For More Advanced Players Too!)
24:57
24:57
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
24:57
Today we give a few bullets on how to make the jump from 3.5 to 4.0. (Stay tuned for more detailed show notes) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesMichael O'Neal & Mircea Morariu
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 08) Let's ATTACK! Speed-Ups, Instigations, Attacks, and Defending From The Kitchen
34:29
34:29
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
34:29
We covered dinking on the last episode, now we get into the fun part! Talking the who, what, when, why, and how to attack (instigate) from the kitchen, and how to defend ourselves against those attacks. Get your own "Diego" training dummy to put on the court. (along with your spinshot ball machine, it's a great combo!) https://amzn.to/3lFQO7S CRBN …
…
continue reading
1
70: The #1 Bang For The Buck Pickleball Drill, Changing Your Grip Mid-Point, & More!
40:19
40:19
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
40:19
Today we answer listener questions about difficult shot execution, verbal cues on the court, and changing grip mid point. Then, how to make the jump from 3.5 to 4.0. Finally, what's the best drill to do when you only have a couple minutes and you want the most bang for your buck? 00:00 Introduction and Host Greetings 00:23 Episode Theme and Guest I…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 07) Pickleball DINKING Secrets of the Pros!!
32:59
32:59
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
32:59
On today's show we are stepping into the kitchen and talking dinking. How should we dink? What are our targets? How can we set ourselves up for success in the kitchen with some strategic dinks? What techniques do the pros use? All of this and more in this ep! CRBN Pickleball Makers of the best pickleball paddles on the planet. Use Promo Code "402P"…
…
continue reading
1
69: (Literal) GAME CHANGER: Master Your Nerves & Your Game With A Ref On The Court.
33:13
33:13
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
33:13
Today we delve into the nuances of playing pickleball with a referee present. We talk about the additional pressure and dynamics a referee brings to a game. Topics covered include the significance of making prompt and proper outcalls, protocols around serve routines, and foot faults, as well as the importance of establishing a rapport with the refe…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 06) How To Choose A Pickleball Paddle in the Modern Era
22:44
22:44
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
22:44
**NOTE: Since this episode has published, the Gen 3 paddles from Gearbox, Joola, and others have hit the market. So, much of what we talked about can be extrapolated to these new paddles. Pickleball Paddle technology has taken huge leaps and bounds in the last 3 years or so. Shots that were previously impossible are now commonplace due to the gritt…
…
continue reading
1
68: Pickleball FOOT FETISH
32:17
32:17
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
32:17
Today, we delve into the critical importance of your FEET in pickleball. We kick off with a shoutout to Michael from Jilly Bee's (Jill Braverman) podcast and celebrate their show ranking #23 globally in trending new shows. They emphasize the need for appropriate footwear, the intricacies of footwork for different shots, and drills to improve stabil…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 05) How To Get Better At Pickleball EVERY Time You Step On The Court
25:44
25:44
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
25:44
Today Senior Pro Scott Fliegelman (@boulderpickleball) and 4-point-something Michael O'Neal (@solohour) talk about how to get better at pickleball every time you play. We talk about what to do when you're solo, what to do with three players, how to choose a coach, great drills, and how to play above and below your current level. CRBN Pickleball Mak…
…
continue reading
1
67: Q&A!! Michael's First Senior Pro Win, Instigator Drill, How To Play With A Partner With A Different Style
28:15
28:15
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
28:15
Today Michael shares his experience from the APP tournament at Flushing Meadows in New York City. Michael recounts playing in various events, including the Humana Cup and senior pro singles and doubles, reflecting on his growth and strategy adjustments, including (spoiler alert) his first senior pro win! The episode also covers drills like the inst…
…
continue reading
1
66: Remote Control Your Opponents With OFF-BALL Movement
26:12
26:12
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
26:12
This episode of '4.0 to Pro' delves into the often-overlooked aspect of pickleball - off-ball movement. Hosts Michael O'Neal and Scott Fliegelman discuss the importance of movement when not in direct play, sharing insights from their experiences and coaching. They cover strategies like poaching, baiting, and fake switching to disrupt opponents and …
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 04) The Pickleball Serve RETURN - Hidden Secrets of The Pros!
17:44
17:44
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
17:44
(Replay Episode 4) Today we are chatting serve return! There are a few techniques we can learn to give us a huge advantage in our serve game...and a few of them start before you even step on the court or begin your game. CRBN Pickleball Makers of the best pickleball paddles on the planet. Use Promo Code "402P" at checkout for 10% off. Learn more ab…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 03) The Pickleball Serve - Can It Be Weaponized? How To Serve In Pickleball Effectively
16:56
16:56
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
16:56
Today we talk serves! There are multiple things to consider when serving in Pickleball. Alignment, location, serve choice, and much more. In this episode we learn how the pros serve and what they consider before every point. CRBN Pickleball Makers of the best pickleball paddles on the planet. Use Promo Code "402P" at checkout for 10% off. Disclaime…
…
continue reading
1
65: This CONTROVERSIAL Shot Is Trending in Pickleball! Here's How To Defend It!
27:17
27:17
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
27:17
Today Michael O'Neal and Scott Fliegelman discuss the evolving strategy of the FIFTH shot drive in pickleball, moving away from traditional play, towards more aggressive tactics facilitated by advancements in paddle technology. They explore how these changes are affecting the game, including how to effectively use and defend against powerful drives…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 02) Mastering The 3rd Shot In Pickleball
27:28
27:28
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
27:28
This is a replay of episode 2 for those that may have missed it! Have a listen to refresh your 3rds! Today we are talking 3rd shots! There used to be 1 choice for our 3rd shots....the traditional drop! Because of paddle technology and the evolution of the game, we now have at least 4 options on how to handle our 3rd. Have you mastered all 4? CRBN P…
…
continue reading
1
64: Try THIS For More Consistency on 3rd Shot DROPS!
21:35
21:35
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
21:35
Today we're exploring something we've noticed about Colin Johns and Andrei Daescu's pickleball game. Their drops are WAY higher and flatter than most 4.0 to Pro's. Today we talk the in's and out's of that particular shot, and how you can integrate it with limited penalty and a LOT of upside! Hey, why not grab a t-shirt at http://makeemhit.com? Lear…
…
continue reading
1
(Replay 01): How To Play Winning Pickleball Like A Pro
19:02
19:02
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
19:02
REPLAY: In this inaugural episode of 4.02P, Michael and Scott cover the basics of overall good pickleball strategy, including return of serve, serving, 3rd shots, and getting to the NVZ (otherwise known as the kitchen!) Please subscribe on whatever podcast platform you prefer, submit any pickleball questions at http://picklehelp.com and follow us o…
…
continue reading
1
63: Mastering The Left Side in Pickleball
30:56
30:56
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
30:56
Last week we did right side...today it's left! This episode of the '4.0 to Pro' pickleball podcast, hosted by Michael O' Neal and Scott Fliegelman, delves into strategies and techniques for playing on the left side of the pickleball court. After covering right side play in a previous episode, they switch focus to the left side, discussing responsib…
…
continue reading
1
62. The DEFINITIVE Right Side Player Playbook in Pickleball!
40:23
40:23
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
40:23
Today we chat about Scott Fliegelman's experiences at the U.S. Open in Naples and the NPL draft list announcement, where Fliegelman was the number one pick for the Denver Iconics. Then we discuss various aspects of right-side play, including pre-match alignments, defensive strategies, understanding the 'respect the X' concept, and effectively using…
…
continue reading
1
61: Chattering on Court, Great Wall Drills, Poaching Basics, and More! The "Lost" Q&A
35:03
35:03
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
35:03
Today we talk about coach Scott Fliegelman's experiences and anticipation for the U.S. Open in Naples, Florida, his role as a color commentator for the Split Age Mixed Pro event, and his strategy and hopes for moving up from a bronze medalist position. Michael and Scott discuss the impact of paddle power on the game, sharing insights on selecting p…
…
continue reading
1
60: Defending The "New School 3rd", Playing with Weaker Players, and MORE of Your Questions!
37:47
37:47
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
37:47
Today we discuss topics such as defending against a third shot 'drip', the concept of playing with different skill levels and how it impacts growth, the idea of using heavier paddles for singles, and practical advice for improving balance and shot precision. We also share personal anecdotes and experiences to illustrate key points, including the im…
…
continue reading
1
59: Breaking Down Pickleball into "A" or "B" Shot Selection, Part 2 (Plus, Get off My Lawn!!)
38:43
38:43
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
38:43
Today we share insights on improving shot selection, and strategizing returns based on opponents' weaknesses. We discuss the nuanced decisions players must make regarding serve returns, engaging in dinks, handling lobs, and when to instigate or speed up the game. The episode also covers the significance of playing with appropriate etiquette, especi…
…
continue reading
1
58: SIMPLIFYING Pickleball into Two Choices: A, or B (Part 1)
25:55
25:55
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
25:55
Today we introduce the concept of choosing between option A and B in various situations to enhance consistency in the game, discussing tactics for serving, transitioning from the service line to the non-volley zone (kitchen), and engaging in rallies. 00:00 Welcome to the Pocket Size Pickleball Podcast! 00:25 Spring Break and Pickleball Tournaments:…
…
continue reading
1
57: How To Choose The Right Pickleball Coach
29:35
29:35
Прослушать позже
Прослушать позже
Списки
Нравится
Нравится
29:35
Today we discuss various aspects of coaching, including the importance of setting goals, understanding coaching styles, and evaluating a coach's compatibility with your learning style. We offer practical advice on how to identify a coach who can cater to your specific needs, whether through one-on-one sessions, remote coaching, or group settings. I…
…
continue reading