Introduction to OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes

Oracle University Podcast

Curious about how OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) can transform the way your development team builds, deploys, and manages cloud-native applications? Listen to hosts Lois Houston and Nikita Abraham explore OKE's key features and benefits with senior OCI instructor Mahendra Mehra. Mahendra breaks down complex concepts into digestible bits, making it easy for you to understand the magic behind OKE. OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes Specialist: https://mylearn.oracle.com/ou/course/oci-container-engine-for-kubernetes-specialist/134971/210836 Oracle University Learning Community: https://education.oracle.com/ou-community LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/oracle-university/ X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/Oracle_Edu Special thanks to Arijit Ghosh, David Wright, Radhika Banka, and the OU Studio Team for helping us create this episode. -------------------------------------------------------- Episode Transcript:

00:00

Welcome to the Oracle University Podcast, the first stop on your cloud journey. During this series of informative podcasts, we’ll bring you foundational training on the most popular Oracle technologies. Let’s get started!

00:25

Nikita: Hello and welcome to the Oracle University Podcast. I’m Nikita Abraham, Principal Technical Editor with Oracle University, and with me is Lois Houston, Director of Innovation Programs.

Lois: Hi there! If you’ve been listening to us these last few weeks, you’ll know we’ve been discussing containerization, the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry, and the basics of Kubernetes. Today, we’ll dive into the world of OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes, also referred to as OKE.

Nikita: We’re joined by Mahendra Mehra, a senior OCI instructor with Oracle University, who will take us through the key features and benefits of OKE and also talk about working with managed nodes. Hi Mahendra! Thanks for joining us today.

01:09

Lois: So, Mahendra, what is OKE exactly?

Mahendra: Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes is a fully managed, scalable, and highly available service that empowers you to effortlessly deploy your containerized applications to the cloud.

But that's just the beginning. OKE can transform the way you and your development team build, deploy, and manage cloud native applications.

01:36

Nikita: What would you say are some of its most defining features? Mahendra: One of the defining features of OKE is the flexibility it offers. You can specify whether you want to run your applications on virtual nodes or opt for managed nodes.

Regardless of your choice, Container Engine for Kubernetes will efficiently provision them within your existing OCI tenancy on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

Creating OKE cluster is a breeze, and you have a couple of fantastic tools at your disposal-- the console and the rest API. These make it super easy to get started.

OKE relies on Kubernetes, which is an open-source system that simplifies the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications across clusters of hosts.

Kubernetes is an incredible system that groups containers into logical units known as pods. And these pods make managing and discovering your applications very simple.

Not to mention, Container Engine for Kubernetes uses Kubernetes versions that are certified as conformant by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, also abbreviated as CNCF. And here's the icing on the cake. Container Engine for Kubernetes is ISO-compliant. The other two ISO-IEC standards—27001, 27017, and 27018. That's your guarantee of a secure and reliable platform. 03:08

Lois: That’s great. But how do you access all this power?

Mahendra: You can define and create your Kubernetes cluster using the intuitive console and the robust rest API. Once your clusters are up and running, you can manage them using the Kubernetes command line, also known as kubectl, the user-friendly Kubernetes dashboard, and the powerful Kubernetes API.

03:32

Nikita: I love the idea of an intuitive console and being able to manage everything from a centralized place.

Lois: Yeah, that’s fantastic! Mahendra, can you talk us through the magic that happens behind the scenes? What’s Oracle’s role in all this?

Mahendra: All the master nodes or control plane nodes are managed by Oracle. This includes components like etcd, the API server, and the controller manager among others. To ensure reliability, we make sure multiple copies of these master components are distributed across different availability domains.

And we don't stop there. We also manage the Kubernetes dashboard and even handle the self-healing mechanism of both the cluster and the worker nodes. All of these are meticulously created and managed within your Oracle tenancy.

04:19

Lois: And what happens at the user’s end? What is their responsibility?

Mahendra: At your end, you have the power to manage your worker nodes. Using different compute shapes, you can create and control them in your own user tenancy. So, as you can see, it's a perfect blend of Oracle's expertise and your control.

04:38

Nikita: So, in your opinion, why should users consider OKE their go-to solution for all things Kubernetes?

Mahendra: Imagine a world where building and maintaining Kubernetes environments, be it master nodes or worker nodes, is no longer complex, costly, or even time-consuming. OKE is here to make your life easier by seamlessly integrating Kubernetes with various container life cycle management products, which includes container registries, CI/CD frameworks, networking solutions, storage options, and top-notch security features.

And speaking of security, OKE gives you the tools you need to manage and control team access to production clusters, ensuring granular access to Kubernetes cluster in a straightforward process.

It empowers developers to deploy containers quickly, provides devops teams with visibility and control for seamless Kubernetes management, and brings together Kubernetes container orchestration with Oracle's advanced cloud infrastructure. This results in robust control, top tier security, IAM, and consistent performance.

05:50

Nikita: OK…a lot of benefits! Mahendra, I know there have been ongoing enhancements to the OKE service. So, when creating a new cluster with Container Engine for Kubernetes, what is the cluster type we should specify?

Mahendra: The first type is the basic clusters. Basic clusters support all the core functionality provided by Kubernetes and Container Engine for Kubernetes. Basic clusters come with a service-level objective, but not a financially backed service level agreement. This means that Oracle guarantees a certain level of availability for the basic cluster, but there is no monetary compensation if that level is not met.

On the other hand, we have the enhanced clusters. Enhanced clusters support all available features, including features not supported by basic clusters.

06:38

Lois: OK. So, can you tell us more about the features supported by enhanced clusters?

Mahendra: As we move towards a more digitized world, the demand for infrastructure continues to rise. However, with virtual nodes, managing the infrastructure of your cluster becomes much simpler. The burden of manually scaling, upgrading, or troubleshooting worker nodes is removed, giving you more time to focus on your applications rather than the underlying infrastructure. Virtual nodes provide a great solution for managing large clusters with a high number of nodes that require frequent updates or scaling.

With this feature, you can easily simplify the management of your cluster and focus on what really matters, that is your applications. Managing cluster add-ons can be a daunting task. But with enhanced clusters, you can now deploy and configure them in a more granular way. This means that you can manage both essential add-ons like CoreDNS and kube-proxy as well as a growing portfolio of optional add-ons like the Kubernetes Dashboard.

With enhanced clusters, you have complete control over the add-ons you install or disable, the ability to select specific add-on versions, and the option to opt-in or opt-out of automatic updates by Oracle. You can also manage add-on specific customizations to tailor your cluster to meet the needs of your application.

08:05

Lois: Do users need to worry about deploying add-ons themselves?

Mahendra: Oracle manages the lifecycle of add-ons so that you don't have to worry about deploying them yourself. This level of control over add-ons gives you the flexibility to customize your cluster to meet the unique needs of your applications, making managing your cluster a breeze.

08:25

Lois: What about scaling?

Mahendra: Scaling your clusters to meet the demands of your workload can be a challenging task. However, with enhanced clusters, you can now provision more worker nodes in a single cluster, allowing you to deploy larger workloads on the same cluster which can lead to better resource utilization and lower operational overhead. Having fewer larger environments to secure, monitor, upgrade, and manage is generally more efficient and can help you save on cost.

Remember, there are limits to the number of worker nodes supported on an enhanced cluster, so you should review the Container Engine for Kubernetes limits documentation and consider the additional considerations when defining enhanced clusters with large number of managed nodes.

09:09

Nikita: Ensuring the security of my cluster would be of utmost importance to me, right? How would I do that with enhanced clusters?

Mahendra: With enhanced clusters, you can now strengthen cluster security through the use of workload identity. Workload identity enables you to define OCI IAM policies that authorize specific pods to make OCI API calls and access OCI resources. By scoping the policies to Kubernetes service account associated with application pods, you can now allow the applications running inside those pods to directly access the API based on the permissions provided by the policies.

09:48

Nikita: Mahendra, what type of uptime and server availability benefits do enhanced clusters provide?

Mahendra: You can now rely on a financially backed service level agreement tied to Kubernetes API server uptime and availability. This means that you can expect a certain level of uptime and availability for your Kubernetes API server, and if it degrades below the stated SLA, you'll receive compensation. This provides an extra level of assurance and helps ensure that your cluster is highly available and performant.

10:20

Lois: Mahendra, do you have any tips for us to remember when creating basic and enhanced clusters?

Mahendra: When using the console to create a cluster, a new cluster is created as an enhanced cluster by default unless you explicitly choose to create a basic cluster. If you don't select any enhanced features during cluster creation, you have the option to create the new cluster as a basic cluster. When using CLI or API to create a cluster, you can specify whether to create a basic cluster or an enhanced cluster. If you don't explicitly specify the type of cluster to create, a new cluster is created as a basic cluster by default.

Creating a new cluster as an enhanced cluster enables you to easily add enhanced features later even if you didn't select any enhanced features initially. If you do choose to create a new cluster as a basic cluster, you can still choose to upgrade the basic cluster to an enhanced cluster later on. However, you cannot downgrade an enhanced cluster to a basic cluster. These points are really important while you consider selection of a basic cluster or an enhanced cluster for your usage.

11:34

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12:13

Nikita: Welcome back! I want to move on to serverless Kubernetes with virtual nodes. But I think before we do that, we first need to have a basic understanding of what managed nodes are. Mahendra: Managed nodes run on compute instances within your tenancy, and are at least partly managed by you. In the context of Kubernetes, a node is a compute host that can be either a virtual machine or a bare metal host. As you are responsible for managing managed nodes, you have the flexibility to configure them to meet your specific requirements. You are responsible for upgrading Kubernetes on managed nodes and for managing cluster capacity. Nodes are responsible for running a collection of pods or containers, and they are comprised of two system components: the kubelet, which is the host brain, and the container runtime such as CRI-O, or containerd.

13:07

Nikita: Ok… so what are virtual nodes, then?

Mahendra: Virtual nodes are fully managed and highly available nodes that look and act like real nodes to Kubernetes. They are built using the open source CNCF Virtual Kubelet Project, which provides the translation layer between OCI and Kubernetes.

13:25

Lois: So, what makes Oracle’s managed virtual Kubernetes product different?

Mahendra: OCI is the first major cloud provider to offer a fully managed virtual Kubelet product that provides a serverless Kubernetes experience through virtual nodes. Virtual nodes are configured by customers and are located within a single availability and fault domain within OCI.

Virtual nodes have two main components: port management and container instance management. Virtual nodes delegates all the responsibility of managing the lifecycle of pods to virtual Kubernetes while on a managed node, the kubelet is responsible for managing all the lifecycle state.

The key distinction of virtual nodes is that they support up to a 1,000 pods per virtual node with the expectation of supporting more in the future.

14:15

Nikita: What are the other benefits of virtual nodes?

Mahendra: Virtual nodes offer a fully managed experience where customers don't have to worry about managing the underlying infrastructure of their containerized applications. Virtual nodes simplifies scaling patterns for customers. Customers can scale their containerized application up or down quickly without worrying about the underlying infrastructure, and they can focus solely on their applications.

With virtual nodes, customers only pay for the resources that their containerized application use. This allows customers to optimize their costs and ensures that they are not paying for any unused resources. Virtual nodes can support over 10 times the number of pods that a normal node can. This means that customer can run more containerized applications on virtual nodes, which reduces operational burden and makes it easier to scale applications.

Customers can leverage container instances in serverless offering from OCI to take advantage of many OCI functionalities natively. These functionalities include strong isolation and ultimate elasticity with respect to compute capacity.

15:26

Lois: When creating a cluster using Container Engine for Kubernetes, we have the flexibility to customize the worker nodes within the cluster, right? Could you tell us more about this customization?

Mahendra: This customization includes specifying two key elements. Firstly, you can select the operating system image to be used for worker nodes. This image serves as a template for the worker node's virtual hard drive, and determines the operating system and other software installed.

Secondly, you can choose the shape for your worker nodes. The shape defines the number of CPUs and the amount of memory allocated to each instance, ensuring it meets your specific requirements. This customization empowers you to tailor your OKE cluster to your exact needs.

It is important to note that you can define and create OKE clusters using both the console and the REST API. This level of control is specially valuable for your development team when building, deploying, and managing cloud native applications. You have the option to specify whether applications should run on virtual nodes or managed nodes. And Container Engine for Kubernetes efficiently provisions them on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure within your existing OCI tenancy. This flexibility ensures that you can adapt your OKE cluster to suit the specific requirements of your projects and workloads.

16:56

Lois: Thank you so much, Mahendra, for giving us your time today. For more on the topics we discussed, visit mylearn.oracle.com and look for the OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes Specialist course. Join us next week as we dive deeper into working with OKE virtual nodes. Until then, this is Lois Houston…

Nikita: And Nikita Abraham, signing off!

17:18

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