Unraveling the Secrets of Cold Adaptation and Hybridization in Primates with Evolutionary Anthropologist Dr. Laura Buck

The PrimateCast

For this episode, I sat down in the studio with evolutionary anthropologist Dr. Laura Buck in the Research Centre for Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology of Liverpool John Moores University.
Dr. Susumu Tomiya of CICASP also joined the conversation.
After waxing on the plausibility that some ancient hominins in cold climates might have hibernated - spoiler alert! Not very - Laura describes the evolutionary and developmental processes that lead to adaptations and behavioral responses to the cold.
We talk about human cold adaptation and how they relate to those of Neanderthals, and how patterns emerge to help species thrive in thermally-inhospitable places.
Laura describes her current research, and how scientists might have overlooked a potentially critical evolutionary force among mammals: hybridisation.
We touch on the idea of genetic rescue for conservation, and whether the "grolar bear", a hybrid between grizzlies and polar bears, might - and that’s a controversial might! - might allow polar bear genes to survive climate warming in the arctic.
Laura’s work on hybridisation has focused on macaques, but she argues that what we learn from studying hybrid macaque bones can help us understand many of the mysteries of evolution.
She touches on the modern techniques used in geometric morphometrics - simply put, measuring bones in cool ways to understand evolutionary processes - including the future role of AI in the process.
Laura closes with the idea of niche construction, where it’s not only how we and other species adapt to the environments around us, but also how we change those environments ourselves, leading to the conclusion that in many ways we are responsible for our own environments of evolutionary adaptedness.
Other topics covered in the interview:

• Non-adaptationist explanations and just-so stories in human evolution
• Fieldwork fails with technology in scanning and measuring bones
• Nasal air conditioning
• climate adaptations comparing prehistoric humans in Japan with Japanese macaques
• Hybridization and evolution of the primate pelvis

As the Northern hemisphere gears up for the winter, remember that we all have some physical and many behavioral adaptations to the cold.
But, if you’re unsure, hey, maybe you can just hibernate…

The PrimateCast is hosted and produced by Andrew MacIntosh. Artwork by Chris Martin. Music by Andre Goncalves. Credits by Kasia Majewski.

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